How does Bluetooth work?

Whether you know it or not, you may be using the technology called “Bluetooth” if you have a smartphone with wireless speaker or use it in conjunction with Apple or Android Auto among a host of devices and applications. 

So, in case you might be as curious as I am, here's a simple explanation of how it works. But before we get into it, note that the technology was invented by Dr. Jaap Haartsen, a Dutch who has worked for Ericsson in the US and in Sweden. In 1994, he was tasked with developing a short-range wireless technology to enhance mobile phone functionality, specifically for connecting to devices like headsets. 

Think of Bluetooth as a short-range walkie-talkie for devices. It lets gadgets talk to each other wirelessly using radio waves, as no internet or cables are needed. First, the Bluetooth device sends out a signal message saying “I’m here!”. When you are connecting it (or pairing) with another device, that one will hear it and say “Let’s connect.” 

Then, they both exchange secret codes to keep the connection secure. Once paired, they can send data back and forth like music, files, or commands. For our own security, everything they sent is scrambled so nobody else can listen in. They operate on the 2.4 GHz band, a frequency like our Wi-Fi or our kitchen’s microwaves. The downside of this mode of communication is that its range is limited, usually 10–30 feet, but can go up to 330 feet for high-power devices.

Finally, let’s remember that in the Bluetooth world its a Master to Slave relationship, where the former controls the connection (usually your phone) and the latter follows the master’s instructions (like for instance your headphones or a speaker). Now, happy and long-lasting Bluetooth connections!